TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION: RAW MATERIALS AND CATALYSTS
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This paper analyzes technological and market trends in biodiesel production, justified by the urgent need for sustainable energy sources in the face of fossil fuel depletion. The main objective is to identify the positioning of the scientific community and the development of innovations in feedstocks and catalysts during the 2016-2025 period. The methodology employed consisted of technological monitoring and bibliometric analysis using the Lens.org database, evaluating scientific publications and patent applications worldwide. The results reveal an absolute dominance by China in technology development, accounting for 53% of patents, while India leads in academic production. A transition toward second-generation feedstocks, such as waste cooking oils and microbes, is observed due to their economic and circular viability. The main conclusions highlight that although homogeneous catalysis remains predominant due to its low initial cost, current research is shifting toward heterogeneous and enzymatic systems to improve operational sustainability. Finally, a global market expansion is projected, albeit with a trend toward regional self-sufficiency driven by local decarbonization policies.
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